Overview of Temple of Literature
The Temple of Literature is the first university complex in Vietnam. It is a popular cultural and historical relic in Hanoi. Visiting this spot, you will be enchanted by its grandeur and serenity. Here, you will have a profound understanding of Vietnam’s history of development from the early days.
Location: 58 Quốc Tử Giám, Văn Miếu, Đống Đa, Hà Nội
Opening hours: every day.
In summer ( From April to October) : 07:30-17:30
In winter (From October to April) : 08:00-17:00
Entrance fee
Adults: 70,000 VND (~US$ 3) for Vietnamese and foreigners
Students: 35,000 VND (~US$ 1.5) (student card required)
Children under 15: Free
Dress code: no tank-top or miniskirt allowed, always take off your hat when being in the sanctuary area.
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History of Temple of Literature in Vietnam
The Temple of Literature was founded in 1070 by Emperor Ly Thanh Tong to worship Chinese philosopher Confucius. It then became the first university of Vietnam, also known as the Imperial Academy. Until the colonial period, it had been open for over 700 years and taught hundreds of renowned scholars and mandarins. Despite the ravages of war, the temple still retains its architectural and cultural beauty.
Architecture of Temple of Literature
The Temple of Literature is surrounded by brick walls and covers an area of around 54,000 square meters. It has five courtyards, or areas, of varying styles:
The Great Middle Gate
Entering the first courtyard through the Great Middle Gate, you can immediately immerse yourself in a fresh and green atmosphere.
On the top of the gate is a fish figure. According to legend, there was an annual contest for fish hosted by the gods, and those that can leap over the strongest sea waves and land on the other side of the wave will become a mighty dragon. The fish actually symbolize students. To be able to pass all of the exams, one must diligently study and never stop trying.
The Pavilion of Constellation
Despite its modest size, the Pavilion of Constellation has harmonious and beautiful proportions. This architectural work consists of 4 brick pillars supporting the upper wooden structure. The main structure has 4 round doors, handrails, and a roof. The pavilion is also a symbol of Hanoi, its picture printed on the 100,000 VND banknote of Vietnam.
The Well of Heavenly Clarity
The Well of Heavenly Clarity is actually a courtyard consisting of a square pond. In a corner, there are many stone turtles carrying enormous stelae. These stelae praise Confucianism and the past kings, describe the philosophy of each dynasty, and give information about examinations and scholars.
The Gate to Great Success
A beautiful House of Ceremonies and a sanctuary dedicated to Confucius are located in the fourth courtyard, also known as the “Gate to Great Success” in Vietnamese. The highlight of this area is crimson columns and wooden ceilings, from which old lanterns hang.
The Grounds of Imperial Academy
In the fifth courtyard, there is a giant building with two floors. The first floor has a statue of the first rector of the Imperial Academy – Chu Van An. He was a great teacher who dedicated his whole life to education. The second floor is dedicated to worshiping the three kings who contributed the most to the foundation and preservation of the academy.
Map of Temple of Literature
How to get to the Temple of Literature?
The Temple of Literature is located near 4 major streets, namely Nguyen Thai Hoc, Ton Duc Thang, Van Mieu, and Quoc Tu Giam. It is easy for you to reach the temple from any part of Hanoi. You can look up the directions on Google Maps and drive here yourself, or you can book a ride on the local hailing application, such as Grab or Gojek. If you go by bus, you can take buses number 2, 23, 38, 25, 4, which all have stops near the temple.
For travelers who want to visit the Temple of Literature with private services, you can book a private tour from Vietnam Shore Excursions. Professional and knowledgeable tour guides will share profoundly many interesting stories about this place and Hanoi, as well as the local life of local people during the tour. Here are some Hanoi Tours which customers can find out and book for you and your group.
In addition to the Temple of Literature, there are many other famous cultural and historic sites in Hanoi that you should take your time to visit, including Hoa Lo Prison, Hanoi Train Street, Ngoc Son Temple, Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, One Pillar Pagoda, Tran Quoc Pagoda, etc.
It can be known that the Temple of Literature is the leading complex of historical relics in Hanoi in particular and Vietnam in general. With its important historical and cultural significance, the temple has become one of 23 special national relics of the country, and definitely a touristy spot that you should not miss out on!
